The term nanotechnology is sometimes conflated with molecular nanotechnology (also known as "MNT"), a theoretical advanced form of nanotechnology believed by some to be achievable at some point in the future, based on productive nanosystems. Molecular nanotechnology would fabricate precise structures using mechanosynthesis to perform molecular manufacturing. Molecular nanotechnology, though not yet existent, is posited by its proponents to have a great impact on society if realized.

(In the picture: A mite next to a gear set produced using MEMS, the precursor to nanotechnology. Courtesy Sandia National Laboratories, SUMMiTTM Technologies)